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Cue-target contingencies modulate voluntary orienting of spatial attention: dissociable effects for speed and accuracy

机译：提示目标的意外事件调节了空间注意力的自愿定向：速度和准确性的可分解影响

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Voluntary orienting of spatial attention is typically investigated by visually presented directional cues, which are called predictive when they indicate where the target is more likely to appear. In this study we investigated the nature of the potential link between cue predictivity (the proportion of valid trials) and the strength of the resulting, covert, orienting of attention. Participants judged the orientation of a unilateral Gabor grating preceded by a centrally-presented, non-directional, colour cue, arbitrarily prompting a leftwards or rightwards shift of attention. Unknown to them, cue predictivity was manipulated across blocks, whereby the cue was only predictive for either the first or the second half of the experiment. Our results show that the cueing effects were strongly influenced by the change in predictivity. This influence differently emerged in response speed and accuracy. The speed difference between valid and invalid trials was significantly larger when cues were predictive, and the amplitude of this effect was modulated at the single trial level by the recent trial history. Complementary to these findings, accuracy revealed a robust effect of block history and also a different time-course compared to speed, as if it mainly mirrored voluntary processes. These findings, obtained with a new manipulation and by using arbitrary non-directional cueing, demonstrate that cue-target contingencies strongly modulate the way attention deploys in space.
机译：空间注意力的自愿定向通常是通过视觉呈现的方向提示来研究的，当它们指示目标更可能出现在哪里时被称为预测性提示。在这项研究中，我们调查了提示的可预测性（有效试验的比例）与结果的强度，隐蔽性，注意力定向之间的潜在联系的性质。参与者判断了单边Gabor光栅的方向，然后是居中呈现的，非方向性的颜色提示，任意提示注意力向左或向右移动。他们不知道，提示的可预测性是跨块操作的，因此提示仅对实验的前半部分或后半部分具有预测性。我们的结果表明，提示效果受可预测性变化的强烈影响。这种影响在响应速度和准确性方面有所不同。当提示是可预测的时，有效试验和无效试验之间的速度差异会明显更大，并且这种影响的幅度会在最近的试验历史中在单个试验水平上得到调节。作为这些发现的补充，准确性揭示了区块历史的强大影响，并且与速度相比还具有不同的时程，就好像它主要反映了自愿流程一样。这些发现是通过一种新的操纵方式以及通过使用任意无方向性提示而获得的，这些提示表明，提示目标的意外事件会强烈地调节注意力在太空中的部署方式。

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